Traceroute works by exploiting a feature of the Internet Protocol called TTL, or Time To Live.
Traceroute reveals the path IP packets travel between two systems by sending out consecutive UDP packets with ever-increasing TTLs .
As each router processes a IP packet, it decrements the TTL. When the TTL reaches zero, it sends back a "TTL exceeded" message (using ICMP) to the originator.
Routers with DNS entries reveal the name of routers, network affiliation and geographic location.
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